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WRITING in
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Academic essay writing and college paper writing teacher, Roxanne writes,
empower yourself and get familiar with academic writing types and modes by
reading model writing.

Academic Essay Writing/College Paper Writing
Samples of Modes We Use in all Types of Assignments
People Love Stories.  We love to Tell Stories.  The Narrative Opener:

Once upon a time, during the era of slavery, whites were afraid of blacks, and the "word" was born.  That's why
someone came up with the "word."  Two hundred years later around my sister's house, the children still use this
"word".  Sometimes I even hear myself say this "word."  But guess what?  I check myself and correct myself,
because when you use the "word" to address someone, no matter who you are or what color you are, it is totally
disrespectful.
The word: "nigger".
 (1)

To Establish Credibility, Try a Sober, Scholarly Introduction. The Statistics/Facts Opener:

By the age of forty-four, 47 percent of American women will have had an abortion.  (Day 6)  To describe this
statistic as anything other than a tragedy is to deny the sanctity of human life.  The Christian abortion debate rests
upon the moral and theological dimension[s] of this issue.  To examine the moral dimensions of abortion without
examining the social realm is to ignore the mutually dependent relationship that surrounds this debate.  
(2)  
Appealing to the Senses Lures and Keeps Readers Interested.  The Descriptive Opener:

Rain is pelting my car relentlessly as I drive home from [XXX] College.  Cars rushing on the freeway cause the
water on the pavement to burst into a fine mist, surrounding each and every vehicle with a billowing sheet of
opaqueness.  Finally, I arrive in front of my little two-bedroom home.  With a sigh of relief, I enter my living room.
Lately, this house has turned into a haven of safety, sheltering me as much from nature's elements as from the
unpredictable and unprovoked malevolence I experience from one of my instructors.  My dread is heightened by the
fact that I appear to be the primary recipient of this teacher's outbursts of viciousness.  Slowly, my gaze shifts
across the room and comes to rest on the play I have to read for my English class.  It is Mamet's Oleanna.  I pick
up the book and soon find myself drawn into the story.  Quickly, it becomes clear to me that this play [deals with]
the relationship between a teacher (John) and his student (Carol).  While both characters show evidence of an
interesting variety of behaviors, John mesmerizes me to a greater degree.  I begin to wonder whether John displays
symptoms of an underlying psychological disorder.  
(3)

Put the Readers in the Frame, Inside the Paper.  The Direct Address Opener:

You are in the midst of a blazing inferno.  Your mind is moving at the speed of light.  Yet you are paralyzed by fear.  
The silence is deafening between the confinement of the four walls.  You are no longer in control.  You wonder how
the communication between the members of the family has ceased, specifically between Mother and Father.  Each
passing day, only silence can be heard.  The usual chatter at the dinner table is considerably lessened.  It comes
down to, "Pass the corn, please."  Or one excusing oneself from the table.  
(4)

Advance Trust, Establish Authority from the Start.  The Authoritative Quote Opener:

"Generations of students have studied calculus without ever seeing its power." This statement is found in an
article by K.C. Cole titled, "Bringing Calculus Down to Earth," from The Los Angeles Times.  I most certainly agree
with Cole.  At one point earlier in the course of the class (calculus), I was not sure about the use of calculus and
the importance of it.  Others like me, such as friends, felt the same way.  For this reason, I would assume, I am
doing this research.  This research is for students like myself to realize that "there is something about calculus," as
Cole states in the article....  
(5)

Keep with The traditional "Show, Don't Tell" Lesson.  The Example Opener:

Sex is great.  To me, It is all about feelings and experiences--the feeling of flesh against flesh, the experience of
orgasm after orgasm.  Sometimes, even, there is that feeling of being special, wanted, and loved.  I suppose my
parents had sex.  It is not really an image I like to bring to mind.  But when my father has sex with someone other
than my mom, how am I supposed to feel then?  
(6)

Engage by Asking for the Readers' Opinion and Thoughtful Participation.  The Profound
Rhetorical Question Opener:

Is the play, True West, written by actor/writer Sam Shepard, a sublimation of his own sibling rivalry or a
rationalization of one?  He writes of two brothers who are equal in intelligence but opposite in character.  The older
brother lives by his wit and the younger by his pen.  In his unique style, Shepard uses many symbols describing
the keen emotions that make up these two brothers.  He also uses metaphors that reel you, the audience, into the
depths of anger, pain, and the reality of life....  
(7)
Summary...of this page of samples and the page that prefaces it, Free Tips and Tricks on the Types and Modes You'll Need
to Write in College:

We can
1.  Use a mode to open an essay

2.  Use the mode that we are best at writing, that we like the best (always write what interests you or you'll be bored and
your reader will pick up on it and be just as bored), and that is most appropriate to the whole paper.

3.  Use overlapping modes...a narration boosts the impact of an introduction, and description boosts the narration.

4. Turn the one or two paragraph opener into an extended mode...which makes it an essay type (in most cases).
End Notes

(1)  Bronson, A.  "The Word."  
(2)  Roncella, L.  "Judging Abortion."
(3)  Prince, U.  "Who Cares?  [A Study of
Oleanna]"
(4)  Tolosa, W.  "Dark silence."
(5)  Pham, D.  "Calculus as a Necessary Tool."
(6)  Guiterrez, R.  "Dad, Why Cheat?"
(7)  Stark, C.  "[...a Study of the Psychology of
True West]."
rectangular book plate with celtic design
Nota Bene: The above examples are provided by my former students who
granted permission for us to use them as models but not as intros we can lift
and reprint anywhere else.  To use a line or passage in your own paper, go to
the Documentation Style Guide links in
Helpful Links for Writers.
You can find copyright info and links for fractal, clip, and
background art in the  RoxanneWrites
HOME page for art credits
section.
COPYSCAPE
www.roxannewrites.com © protected by U.S. copyright laws





As we discovered in Academic Tips and Tricks, academic
writing elements overlap in form and function. But to avoid
getting all tangled up in types, we can approach college
paper writing slowly; we can start simply, breaking down the
parts and mastering them one at a time.  

We Use Modes for Engaging Openers...
and I'm going to Use One Here, Out of Necessity...and
Spite

I once read a how-to article on web content writing, on
making a site that brings traffic (the attention of many).  I
had already begrudgingly given in to the understanding that
web content writing is very different than academic
writing--it has different goals, different audiences, and
different elements that lend themselves to an 'A' piece of
writing.  In fact, it is so different that to write for the web we
have to unravel all we have worked to weave, have to
unlearn all we have learned as college English writers.

But Don't Confuse Web Content Writing and Academic
Writing

So the writer of this article says to start web copy you skip
the opener and go directly to the main point (what we in
academia know as the thesis).  Okay.  This made sense, I
thought, as web readers read differently: they read fast,
they skim, they scan, they skip...to draw the most usable
info in the shortest amount of time.  (Probably the way you
are reading now, hoping I get on with the point).

-I was with Mr. Web when he explained these facts.  

-I was with him as he noted the research findings that back
up the rationale for sacrificing good academic exposition for
web text.  

-And I was there with his tips and tricks, which were
great...until he went too far, editorializing about writers who
actually use openers:

He claimed that writers who rely on openers don't have "the
courage" to just get to the point.  So he lost me.  




Don't Let Anyone Shame Your Learning Writing Tricks

We can adapt to just about any rhetorical style.  We can
adjust our notions of what makes for good writing.  But we
should balk when a how-to writer insults other methods of
writing.  We should even disregard implications of cowardice
as unnecessary
ad hominem attacks.  False attacks.  
Fallacious and floppy and frivolous teaching.  Screw that.  

Readers of Academic Essay Writing Appreciate (even
Prefer) a Good Opener

Openers in academic writing, whether in a creatively
developed literary response or a historical survey, are
imperative.  They are a gentler way of drawing in, luring our
readers.  They are at first quite challenging to get right, but
our mastering them--which is possible--has nothing to do
with courage, which comes from the French word, "
coeur,"
heart.  We have plenty of heart.  We're studying English, for
hell sake.

Against my wishes, then, this page opens (after a very weak
web-tailored tile) with a declaration and gets right to the
point.  At first.  But it also has a "grabber" slipped
in--because we're looking at grabbers and because, well, I
can't help it.  I want to model decent prose for you.  

Even better, I'll share with you some samples, as
promised.

In your academic essays, then, use an opener of one of the
following modes (keeping in mind a few have been left off
the list for next time).
A new idea is delicate. It can be killed by a sneer or a
yawn; it can be stabbed to death by a quip and worried to
death by a frown on the right man's brow. ~ Charles Brower
antique fountain pen
Learn as if you
were going to
live forever;
live as if you
were going to
die tomorrow.  
Mahatma Gandi